Catalog using Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) scripts

Cataloging

Use CJK script data to catalog items in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Use CJK script data the same way you use other non-Latin script data in the client.

See Work with international records and Guidelines for contributing non-Latin script bibliographic records to WorldCat for details specific to non- Latin scripts. See also general procedures describing how to:

• Search WorldCat
• Create records
• Edit records
• Use constant data
• Save records and search save files
• Report errors in records
• Export records
• Import records

Authorities

CJK scripts can also be used to add variant name headings to authority records.

Specific tools for using CJK scripts

• CJK E-Dictionary to help with entering CJK characters: (Tools > CJK E-Dictionary).
• Automatic converter for converting invalid characters to equivalent MARC-8 characters (Edit > MARC-8 Characters > Convert to MARC-8 CJK).

Other tools to help with non-Latin scripts in general

• MARC-8 character verification (Edit > MARC-8 Characters > Verify) - Verify characters separately from record validation 
• Link/unlink (Edit > Linking Fields > Link [or Unlink]) - Visually link or unlink non-Latin script data fields with equivalent Latin script (romanized) data fields (bibliographic records only) 
• Export options for data fields (Tools > Options > International) - Determine (for bibliographic records only): 
  • Whether to export both equivalent Latin script (romanized) data and non-Latin script data or only one or the other 
  • Position of data if you export both Latin and non-Latin script data 
  • Sort order 
• Export and import using UTF-8 Unicode or MARC-8 character sets. The UTF-8 Unicode option allows you to work with non-MARC-8 characters in the client for your local records (settings for export are in Tools > Options > Export, click Record Characteristics, and settings for import are in File > Import Records, click Record Characteristics).
• See more specific procedures for working with these tools.

Script entry method

If your system default language is not the one you want to use for cataloging Chinese, Japanese, or Korean materials, you can install the languages you need. Windows provides the Input Method Editors (IMEs) appropriate for CJK character entry. See more about input methods for languages that use non-Latin scripts.

Character sets supported

The client supports the following Chinese, Japanese, and Korean character set defined in MARC 21 Specifications for Record Structure, Character Sets, and Exchange Media.

• 31(hex) [ASCII graphic: 1] = Chinese, Japanese, Korean (East Asian Coded Character set, or EACC)
  
  EACC is the code used for storing CJK characters and linking them to related variants for indexing in the OCLC system. 

Script identifier in bibliographic records

The client adds the following data to c of field 066 in CJK records to indicate the presence of CJK characters: 

• $1

Entering punctuation

• OCLC suggests using the English keyboard to enter punctuation in CJK data fields. 
• You may enter CJK punctuation marks using one of the CJK Input Method Editors only if the marks are in the MARC-8 character set (EACC) (see a list of input codes). 
• For searching purposes, CJK punctuation and Latin punctuation are normalized; that is, you can enter punctuation either way and find the same records. 

Romanized data

See the ALA-LC Romanization Tables for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean on the Library of Congress website.

Notes on searching

• If you use qualifiers to limit a search, type them using Latin script. 
• Do not use derived searching. 
• For searching purposes, CJK punctuation and Latin punctuation are normalized; that is, you can enter punctuation either way and find the same records. If you enter CJK punctuation, the characters must be in the MARC-8 character set (EACC) (see a list of input codes). 
• If you want to retrieve all CJK script records or see sample records, use the Character Sets Present search index (label vp:) with the assigned code cjk.
  • To find all CJK script records, enter vp:cjk as a Command Line Search only.

     Note: If a search for all CJK script records alone retrieves too many WorldCat records (limit 1,500 records), you must limit the search and try again (e.g., vp:cjk/1991-2; vp:cjk and mt:bks; etc.).

See general procedures and search techniques for searching WorldCat.

Definition

• 1 to 5 Latin script letters assigned to represent significant graphic elements of a Chinese character. 
• Provides a unique code for each character. 
• Can be used as a qualifier with a phonetic input code. 

Basics

To use the TC input code, you must know graphic elements of characters, Latin script letters used to represent the graphic elements (see chart below), and rules for selecting significant graphic elements to code (see section below).

Latin script letters assigned to graphic elements

TC rules for coding

• Type the sequence of code letters based on the following visual characteristics of the character, not based on the stroke order in which the character is written: 
  • Top to bottom 
  • Left to right 
  • Outside to inside 
• Determine whether the character is simple or compound and determine the number of significant graphic elements.
  
  Code for a simple character or a compound character segmented by head (outermost, uppermost, or leftmost TC graphic element) and body (remaining graphic elements):

  Simple character		Compound character
  Head	Body
  1-4 significant graphic elements: Enter a code letter for each. 5 or more elements: Enter a code letter for each of the first 3 and the last.	1-2 elements: Enter a code letter for each. 3 or more elements: Enter a code letter for the first and last.	1-3 elements: Enter a code letter for each. 4 or more (simple body): Enter a code letter for the first 2 and the last. 4 or more (compound body with subhead and subbody): Subhead 1 - Enter a code letter for the first and last elements of the subhead and a letter for the first and last elements of the subbody. Subhead 2 or more - Enter a code letter for the first and last elements of the subhead and a letter for the last element of the subbody.

• Follow these guidelines to code:
  • Simplicity - Minimize the number of graphic elements. Choose the letter that represents the most inclusive graphic element.
  • Completeness - Within a part or unit, enter the letter for the most inclusive graphic element first.
  • Encircled elements - If a character has more than 5 elements, exclude elements totally encircled by a surrounding unit).
  • Stroke unity - Do not code a letter for an element that retraces part of another element. But do code for each stroke as a unit.
  • Exceptions:
    • Frequently used characters - Use simplified input codes (including letters for the first and last elements) for certain common characters.
    • Primary input elements - Always enter the following elements first, even if they are not first in traditional calligraphic sequence: 
    • Irregular elements - Use X to code for elements not represented by any of the 24 letters defined in standard TC coding.

 Note: When you search the E-Dictionary by phonetic input code, you can apply the initial Latin script letter assigned to a graphic element in the TC input code (see table above) as a TC qualifier.

Input codes for punctuation, special characters, and roman punctuation

To enter the characters and punctuation listed in the following table using one of the CJK Input Method Editors, type the corresponding codes.

Character or punctuation	Description	Input code
	Center dot	vc
	Character repetition (Kanji kurikaeshi kigo)	vk
	Close angle bracket	v>
	Close bracket	v]
	Close double angle bracket	v'
	Comma	v,
	Roman close bracket	]
	Roman colon	:
	Roman comma	,
	Roman hyphen	-
	Roman open bracket	[
	Roman period	.
	Roman question mark	?
	Roman semicolon	;
	Roman slash	/
	Long vowel (Choon kigo)	vl ("ell")
	Open angle bracket	v<
	Open bracket	v[
	Open double angle bracket	v"
	Period	v.
	Phrase repetition (ditto mark)	vd
	Zero	vz

 Note: For searching purposes, CJK punctuation and Latin punctuation are normalized; that is, you can enter punctuation either way and find the same records.